The Arctic Ocean has been getting warmer since the beginning of the 20th century – decades earlier than records suggest – due to warmer water flowing into the delicate polar ecosystem from the Atlantic Ocean.
An international group of researchers reconstructed the recent history of ocean warming at the gateway to the Arctic Ocean in a region called the Fram Strait, between Greenland and Svalbard.
Using the chemical signatures found in marine microorganisms, the researchers found that the Arctic Ocean began warming rapidly at the beginning of the last century as warmer and saltier waters flowed in from the Atlantic – a phenomenon called Atlantification – and that this change likely preceded the warming documented by modern instrumental measurements. Since 1900, the ocean temperature has risen by approximately 2 degrees Celsius, while sea ice has retreated and salinity has increased.
The results, reported in the journal Science Advances, provide the first historical perspective on Atlantification of the Arctic Ocean and reveal a connection with the North Atlantic that is much stronger than previously thought. The connection is capable of shaping Arctic climate variability, which could have important implications for sea-ice retreat and global sea level rise as the polar ice sheets continue to melt.
All of the world’s oceans are warming due to climate change, but the Arctic Ocean, the smallest and shallowest of the world’s oceans, is warming fastest of all.
“The rate of warming in the Arctic is more than double the global average, due to feedback mechanisms,” said co-lead author Dr. Francesco Muschitiello from Cambridge’s Department of Geography. “Based on satellite measurements, we know that the Arctic Ocean has been steadily warming, in particular over the past 20 years, but we wanted to place the recent warming into a longer context.”
Atlantification is one of the causes of warming in the Arctic, however instrumental records capable of monitoring this process, such as satellites, only go back about 40 years.
The primary principle of progress is change.
Change is defined as "to make radically different."
Change is both reactionary and revolutionary. Therefore, to be an advocate for change, one has to present a reasonable argument that change is warranted.
The problem with progressive change is that it's a mindset that never becomes stagnant. In other words, there is no pinnacle; there is no end game. The world could be perfect, and the changeists would still be spotting problems that needed changed.
Changeism is dogmatic and its adherents suffer from delusions of grandeur. They are oxymorons with a god complex. For example, they tend to be humanist and anti-human; white and anti-white; usurpers and destroyers.
Climate change is the Jesus Christ of changeism. It's their vessel to literally save the world. Thus, they've established the moral high-ground to rule over you, because humans are destroying the planet, and the changeists have to take it upon themselves to save the world.
The climate is continually changing, just like it always has. Climate change -as we know it- is a hoax. The way they validate the climate change hoax is with Science! But that Science! is just man's interpretation of weather, and used as a proxy for power.
Climate change is the religion of weathermen masquerading as gods. Their disciples are changeists. Changeists are just doomsday prophets on steroids.
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